Original Article Vol. 18 No. Special Issue 1 (2026): The Palawan Scientist - Special Issue on 5th International Conference on the West Philippines Sea pp. in press
Health-related quality of life and marine-related health risks in coastal communities of Palawan, Philippines
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Cristobal B. Cayetano
Karyn Morrissey
Lora E. Fleming
Lota A. Creencia
Abstract
Coastal fishing communities depend on marine resources yet face significant occupational and environmental health risks. This study asssessed health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and self-reported accidents and health outcomes among adults in three coastal municipalities of Palawan, Philippines. A cross-sectional survey recruited 431 adults across 10 barangays, with 401 complete responses analyzed. The HRQoL was assessed using the Philippine Short Form-12 (SF-12), producing Physical Component Summary (PCS-12) and Mental Component Summary (MCS-12) scores. Fifteen self-reported health items were examined using exploratory factor analysis, identifying three domains: marine accidents, musculoskeletal complaints, and infections and skin diseases. Women had higher odds of reporting marine-related accidents compared thaan men (OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.87–2.54). More than half of respondents (56.9%, n = 228) had PCS-12 ≤50 (mean 48.3 ± 5.7), indicating poor physical health, while 26.4% (n = 106) scored MCS-12 ≤42 (mean 47.3 ± 8.3), suggesting possible mental health concerns. Musculoskeletal complaints were the most prevalent health outcome, affecting up to 71.1% of respondents, while those in the poorest marine-based income bracket had nearly twice the odds of reporting infections and skin diseases (OR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.22–3.86). The HRQoL varied by study site, gender, age, and education, whereas ethnicity, religion, and coastal proximity were not significantly associated. These findings showed that women and low-income fishers face greater occupational and environmental health risks. Interventions should prioritize gender-responsive safety, ergonomic support, accessible healthcare, and stronger social protection. Further qualitative research is needed to clarify the pathways that drive these disparities.
Keywords
general well-being
marine exposure
musculoskeletal disorders
occupational health risk
small-scale fisheries
How to Cite
Cayetano CB, Morrissey K, Fleming LE, Creencia LA. 2026. Health-related quality of life and marine-related health risks in coastal communities of Palawan, Philippines. The Palawan Scientist. 18(Special Issue 1):in press. https://doi.org/10.69721/TPS.J.2026.18.SI1.04.
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References
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Fleming LE, Landrigan PJ, Ashford OS, Whitman EM, Swift A, Gerwick WH, Heymans JJ, Hicks CC, Morrissey K, White MP, and others. 2024. Enhancing human health and wellbeing through sustainably and equitably unlocking a healthy ocean's potential. Annals of Global Health. 90(1):41. https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4471
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Iqbal MH. 2019. Disparities of health service for the poor in coastal areas: Does universal health coverage reduce disparities? Journal of Market Access and Health Policy. 7(1):1575683. https://doi.org/10.1080/20016689.2019.1575683
King T, Kilpatrick S, Willis K, Speldewinde C. 2015. A different kettle of fish: Mental health strategies for Australian fishers and farmers. Marine Policy. 60:134–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.06.013
Kılıç AF. 2020. Exploratory factor analysis with R software. Anadolu University Journal of Education Faculty. 4(3):276–293.
Kramer R, Herrera J, Fitzgerald R, Moody J, Owens A, Pender M, Ravelomanantsoa NAF, Regula L, Tortosa P, Nunn C. 2019. Biodiversity, land use change, and human health in northeastern Madagascar: An interdisciplinary study. Lancet Planetary Health. 3:S7. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2542-5196(19)30150-0
Labayo CP, Preña EM. 2021. Socioeconomic conditions of coastal communities along Albay Gulf, Bicol Region, Philippines. Bicol University Research and Development Journal. 24(1):54–66. https://10.47789/burdj.mbtcbbgs.20212401.06
Laraqui O, Roland-Lévy C, Ghailan T, El Bouri H, Manar N, Deschamps F, Laraqui CEH. 2024. Musculoskeletal disorders in artisanal and coastal sector. International Maritime Health. 75(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.5603/imh.98470
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Maliao RJ, Fernandez PR, Subade RF. 2023. Well-being of artisanal fishing communities and children’s engagement in fisheries amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: A case in Aklan, Philippines. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. 10:234. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01716-9
Miñarro S, Selim S, Galbraith ED. 2022. Does catching more fish increase the subjective well-being of fishers? Insights from Bangladesh. Ambio. 51:1673–1686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01698-5
Mishra P, Singh U, Pandey CM, Mishra P, Pandey G. 2019. Application of Student's t-test, analysis of variance, and covariance. Annals of Cardiac Anesthesia. 22(4):407–411. https://doi.org/10.4103/aca.ACA_94_19
MRAG Asia Pacific and Oceana. 2022. The state of fish in nutrition systems in the Philippines. [accessed 2025 Nov 15]. https://ph.oceana.org.
Nørgaard Remmen L, Fromsejer Heiberg R, Høyrup Christiansen D, Herttua K, Berg-Beckhoff G. 2020. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among fishermen: a systematic review. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 78(7):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106675
Noto S. 2023. Perspectives on aging and quality of life. Healthcare. 11(15):2131. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11152131
Obligar PI. 2025. Socio-economic condition, challenges, and problems encountered by fisherfolks in marine biodiversity conservation and protection in Pilar, Capiz. American Journal of Environmental Economics. 4(1):13-20. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajee.v4i1.4288
Pascual J, Pascual G, Nacario MC, Gutierrez FJ. 2026. Barangay health center services in coastal Philippines: Availability, accessibility, and quality among fisherfolk in Lian, Batangas. Universitas. 2025:8th Research Congress Book of Abstracts.
Parial LLB, Leyva EWA, Siongco KLL, Dones LBP, Bernal ABS, Lupisan JAC, Santos DC, Diamaoden MMC, Bonito SR. 2024. Staffing and workload in primary care facilities of selected geographically isolated and disadvantaged communities in the Philippines. Acta Medica Philippina. 58(12):21–34. https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v58i12.9268
Prina M, Khan N, Akhter Khan S, Caicedo JC, Peycheva A, Seo V, Xue S, Sadana R. 2024. Climate change and healthy ageing: An assessment of the impact of climate hazards on older people. Journal of Global Health. 14:04101. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.14.04101
Republic Act No. 11223 .2019. Universal Health Care Act. [accessed 2024 Aug 10]. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2019/02/20/republic-act-no-11223/
Resnick B, Nahm ES. 2001. Reliability and validity testing of the revised 12-item Short-Form Health Survey in older adults. Journal of Nursing Measurement. 9(2):151–161. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11696939/
Rezaee S, Pelot R, Finnis J. 2016. The effect of extratropical cyclone weather conditions on fishing vessel incidents’severity level in Atlantic Canada. Safety Science. 85:33–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.12.006
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