Notes on the Gracious Sea Urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in Pag-asa Island, Kalayaan, Palawan, Philippines
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Published
Jul 6, 2015
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Abstract
The Gracious Sea Urchin Tripneustes gratilla is one of the most heavily exploited sea urchins in the Philippines. However, knowledge about its status in Palawan especially in Pag-asa Island, Kalayaan is wanting. The study was conducted to determine the size structure, population density and test diameter-weight relationship of T. gratilla in Pag-asa Island, Kalayaan. Transect surveys at the intertidal area of the island revealed an average density of 3,500 ind.ha-1. The test diameter ranged between 2.6 and 8.8 cm, and body weight ranged between 8 and 248 g. Other than T. gratilla, four other echinoid species were recorded but in very less number. While it appears that T. gratilla is under exploited in Pag-asa Island, policies affecting its sustainable utilization are suggested.
How to Cite
Balisco RAT. 2015. Notes on the Gracious Sea Urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in Pag-asa Island, Kalayaan, Palawan, Philippines. The Palawan Scientist. 7(1):27–35. https://doi.org/10.69721/TPS.J.2015.07.1.03.
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Keywords
Pag-asa Island, sea urchins, size structure, Tripneustes gratilla
References
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Conklin EJ and Smith JE. 2005. Abundance and spread of the invasive red algae, Kappaphycus spp. in Kane’ohe Bay, Hawai’i and an experimental assessment of management options. Biological Invasions, 7(6): 1029 – 1039.
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Junio-Meñez MA, Bangi HG, Malay MC and Pastor D. 2008. Enhancing the recovery of depleted Tripneustes gratilla stocks through grow-out culture and restocking. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 16 (1-3): 35 – 43.
Lawrence JM and Agatsuma Y. 2007. The ecology of Tripneustes. Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, 37: 499-520.
Malay MCD, Bangi HGP and Junio-Meñez MA. 2000. Enhancement effect of sea urchin grow-out cages in Lucero, Bolinao, Pangasinan. Science Diliman, 12(2): 1 – 9.
Nash WJ. 1993. Trochus. In: Wright A, Hill L (eds) Nearshore Marine Resources of the South Pacific: Information for Fisheries Development and Management. Institute of Pacific Studies, Suva and International Centre for Ocean Development, Canada, pp 451-496
Prado VV, Galvez GN and R Rivera. 2012. Size structure and density of sea urchin T. gratilla along Balaoan waters, La Union, Philippines. E-International Scientific Research Journal, 4(3): 197 – 203.
Regalado JM, Campos WL and Santillan AS. 2010. Population biology of Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus) (Echinodermata) in seagrass beds of Southern Guimaras, Philippines. Science Diliman, 22(2): 41 – 49.
Russ GR, Alcala AC. 2011. Enhanced biodiversity beyond marine reserve boundaries: The cup spillith over. Ecological Applications, 21: 241-250
Schoppe S. 2000. A guide to common shallow water sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers and feather stars (Echinoderms) of the Philippines. Times Media Private Limited, Singapore. 144 p.
Talaue - McManus L and Kesner KPN. 1993. Valuation of a Philippine municipal sea urchin fishery and implications of its collapse. In: Junio-Meñez MA and Newkirk GF. (eds). Philippine coastal resources under stress. 229 - 239.
Williams H. 2002. Sea urchin fisheries of the world: a review of their status, management strategies and biology of the principal species. Marine Resources. Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment, Tanzania. 1 - 4.
Zhanhui Q, Jun W, Yuze M, Jihong Z, Zengjie J and Jinguang F. 2013. Use of sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus for biological control of fouling in suspended scallop cultivation in Northern China. Aquaculture, 420-421: 270-275.
Alcala AC, Russ GR, Maypa AP and Calumpong HP. 2005. A long-term, spatially replicated experimental test of the effect of marine reserves on local fish yields. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 62: 98-108.
Alcoverro T and Mariani S. 2002. Effects of sea urchin grazing on seagrass (Thallasoma ciliatum) beds of a Kenyan lagoon. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 226: 255 – 263.
Andrew NL, Agatsuma Y, Ballesteros E, Bazhin AG, Creaser EP, Barnes DKA, Botsford LW , Bradbury A, Campbell A, Dixon JD, Einarsson S, Gerring PK, Hebert K, Hunter M, Hur SB, Johnson CR, Juinio-Meñez MA, Kalvass P, Miller RJ, Moreno CA, Palleiro JS, Rivas D, Robinson SML, Schroeter SC, Steneck RS, Vadas RL, Woodby DA and Xiaoqi Z. 2002. Status and management of world sea urchin fisheries. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review: 343 – 425.
Appeltans, W, Ahyong ST, Anderson G, Angel MV, Artois T, Bailly N, Bamber R, Barber A, Bartsch I, Bera A, Blazewicz-Paszkowyz M, Bock P, Boxshall G, Boyko CB, Brandão SN, Bray RA, Bruce NL, Cairns SD, Chan TY, Cheng L, Collins AG, Cribb T, Curini-Galletu M, Dahdouh-Guebas F, Davie PJF, Dawson MN, Clerck OD, Decock W, De Grave S, de Voogd NJ, Domning DP, Emig CC, Erseus C, Eschmeyer W, Fauchald K, Fautin DG, Feist SW, Fransen CHJM, Furuya H, Garcia- Alvarez O, Gerken S, Gibson D, Gittenberger A, Gofas, S, Gomez-Daglio L, Gordon DP, Guiry MD, Hernandez F, Hoeksema BW , Hopcroft RR, Jaume D, Kirk P, Koedam N, Koenemann S, Kolb JB, Kristensen RM, Kroh A, Lambert G, Lazarus DB, Lemaitre R, Longshaw M, Lowry J, Macpherson E, Madin LP, Mah C, Mapstone G, McLaughlin PA, Mees J, Meland K, Messing CG, Mills CE, Molodtsova TN, Mooi R, Neuhaus B, Ng PKL, Nielsen C, Norenburg J, Opresko DM, Osawa M, Paulay G, Perrin W, Pilger JF, Poore GCB, Pugh P, Read GB, Reimer JD, Rius M, Rocha RM, Saiz-Salinas JI, Scarabino V, Schierwater B, Schmidt-Rhaesa A, Schnabel KE, Schotte M, Schuchert P, Schwabe E, Segers H, Self-Sullivan C, Shenkar N, Siegel V, Sterrer W, Stohr S, Swalla B, Tasker ML, Thuesen EV, Timm T, Todaro MA, Turon X, Tyler S, Uetz P, van der Land J, Vanhoorne B, van Ofwegen LP, van Soest RWM, Vanaverbeke J, Walker-Smith G, Walter TC, Warren A, Williams GC, Wilson SP and Costello MJ. 2012. The magnitude of global marine species diversity. Current Biology, 22: 2189 – 2202.
Casilagan ILN, Junio-Meñez MA and Crandall ED. 2013. Genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history of exploited sea urchin populations (Tripneustes gratilla) in the Philippines. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 449: 284 – 293.
Conklin EJ and Smith JE. 2005. Abundance and spread of the invasive red algae, Kappaphycus spp. in Kane’ohe Bay, Hawai’i and an experimental assessment of management options. Biological Invasions, 7(6): 1029 – 1039.
Dolorosa, RG, Grant A and Gill JA. 2015. Spatial and temporal abundance of Tectus niloticus in marine protected areas in Palawan, Philippines: prospects for conservation. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Environmental Research and Technology, 45-56.
Gonzales, BJ, Becira JG and Gonzales JG. 2008. Macro-invertebrates in coral reefs of Pag-asa Island, Kalayaan Island Group, Palawan, Philippines. In: B.J. Gonzales (eds). Pag-asa Island and adjacent reef resource assessment, Kalayaan Island Group, Kalayaan, Palawan. WPU – Technical Report. pp. 30 – 34.
Junio-Meñez MA, Bangi HG, Malay MC and Pastor D. 2008. Enhancing the recovery of depleted Tripneustes gratilla stocks through grow-out culture and restocking. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 16 (1-3): 35 – 43.
Lawrence JM and Agatsuma Y. 2007. The ecology of Tripneustes. Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, 37: 499-520.
Malay MCD, Bangi HGP and Junio-Meñez MA. 2000. Enhancement effect of sea urchin grow-out cages in Lucero, Bolinao, Pangasinan. Science Diliman, 12(2): 1 – 9.
Nash WJ. 1993. Trochus. In: Wright A, Hill L (eds) Nearshore Marine Resources of the South Pacific: Information for Fisheries Development and Management. Institute of Pacific Studies, Suva and International Centre for Ocean Development, Canada, pp 451-496
Prado VV, Galvez GN and R Rivera. 2012. Size structure and density of sea urchin T. gratilla along Balaoan waters, La Union, Philippines. E-International Scientific Research Journal, 4(3): 197 – 203.
Regalado JM, Campos WL and Santillan AS. 2010. Population biology of Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus) (Echinodermata) in seagrass beds of Southern Guimaras, Philippines. Science Diliman, 22(2): 41 – 49.
Russ GR, Alcala AC. 2011. Enhanced biodiversity beyond marine reserve boundaries: The cup spillith over. Ecological Applications, 21: 241-250
Schoppe S. 2000. A guide to common shallow water sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers and feather stars (Echinoderms) of the Philippines. Times Media Private Limited, Singapore. 144 p.
Talaue - McManus L and Kesner KPN. 1993. Valuation of a Philippine municipal sea urchin fishery and implications of its collapse. In: Junio-Meñez MA and Newkirk GF. (eds). Philippine coastal resources under stress. 229 - 239.
Williams H. 2002. Sea urchin fisheries of the world: a review of their status, management strategies and biology of the principal species. Marine Resources. Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment, Tanzania. 1 - 4.
Zhanhui Q, Jun W, Yuze M, Jihong Z, Zengjie J and Jinguang F. 2013. Use of sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus for biological control of fouling in suspended scallop cultivation in Northern China. Aquaculture, 420-421: 270-275.
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