On modelling student’s resilience in learning statistics at a distance
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Published
Dec 19, 2022
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Abstract
Learning statistics online during the COVID-19 pandemic became a challenging experience for most students in higher institutions. This study aimed to measure the students' level of resilience and determine its influencing factors in distance learning during the pandemic. Data from an availability sampling of 129 engineering students were gathered with the aid of a Google form survey. The study used some descriptive measures and employed a regression modeling approach to extract detailed information from the survey data. Results showed that, on average, students were considered "resilient" in learning statistics during the pandemic. Statistical models revealed that sex, number of family members, household assets, and level of how conducive learning at home are significant predictors of students' resilience. Additionally, the model showed that male students are more resilient compared to female students. Lastly, more family members and household assets can increase students' resilience level as well as a comfortable place (at home) for learning. Hence, the study suggests that teachers must strengthen the interest of students especially female students by showing them a good attitude that promotes well-being. Furthermore, teachers must regularly monitor their learning progress, and provide comfortable and reasonable learning activities suitable for distance learning.
How to Cite
Casinillo LF. 2022. On modelling student’s resilience in learning statistics at a distance. The Palawan Scientist. 14(2):85–93. https://doi.org/10.69721/TPS.J.2022.14.2.10.
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Keywords
engineering students, level of resiliency, predictors, statistical modeling, state university
References
Adams GC. 2021. Resilience in the time of pandemic. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 66(1): 62-63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743720946170
Ardhiani LN, Hyoscyamina DE and Al Karim CH. 2021. Online positive attitude training: Increasing resilience amidst pandemic. Journal of Nonformal Education, 7(2): 157-165. https://doi.org/10.15294/jne.v7i2.30278
Baharun S, Mohammad Yusof Y, Abdul Rahman R and Ismail Z. 2017. Invoking and supporting engineering student mathematical thinking in informal cooperative learning classroom. Sains Humanika, 9(1-2): 33-38. https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v9n1-2.1094
Bakker A and Wagner D. 2020. Pandemic: lessons for today and tomorrow? Educational Studies in Mathematics, 104(1): 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-020-09946-3
Balakrishnan B and Low FS. 2016. Learning experience and socio-cultural influences on female engineering students’ perspectives on engineering courses and careers. Minerva, 54(2): 219-239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-016-9295-8
Carius AC. 2020. Teaching practices in Mathematics during COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges for technological inclusion in a rural Brazilian school. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS), 72(1): 35-43.
Casinillo LF, Casinillo EL, Valenzona JV, Almonite MRC and Valenzona DL. 2022. How challenging it is to learn Mathematics Online. Philippine Social Science Journal, 5(1): 80-89. https://doi.org/10.52006/main.v5i1.447
Cheung KC. 2017. The effects of resilience in learning variables on mathematical literacy performance: A study of learning characteristics of the academic resilient and advantaged low achievers in Shanghai, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Korea. Educational Psychology, 37(8): 965-982. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2016.1194372
Cronbach LJ. 1951. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16: 297-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555
Dai D and Xia X. 2020. Whether the school self-developed e-Learning platform is more conducive to learning during the COVID-19 pandemic? Best Evidence in Chinese Education, 5(1): 569-580. https://doi.org/10.15354/bece.20.ar030
Dratva J, Zysset A, Schlatter N, von Wyl A, Huber M and Volken T. 2020. Swiss university students’ risk perception and general anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(20): 7433. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207433
Gao J, Wang F, Guo S and Hu F. 2021. Mental health of nursing students amid coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 12: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.699558
Haines B. 2015. Conceptualizing a framework for advanced placement statistics teaching knowledge. Journal of Statistics Education, 23(3): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10691898.2015.11889747
Hamadeh Kerbage S, Garvey L, Willetts G and Olasoji M. 2021. Undergraduate nursing students’ resilience, challenges, and supports during corona virus pandemic. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 30: 1407-1416. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12896
Karairmak O. 2010. Establishing the psychometric qualities of the Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD_RISC) using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a trauma survivor sample. Psychiatry Research, 179: 350-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2009.09.012
Jenkins DG and Quintana-Ascencio PF. 2020. A solution to minimum sample size for regressions. PloS ONE, 15(2): e0229345. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229345
Johnston-Wilder S and Lee C. 2010. Mathematical resilience. Mathematics Teaching, 218: 38-41.
Keener TA, Hall K, Wang K, Hulsey T and Piamjariyakul U. 2021. Quality of life, resilience, and related factors of nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurse Educator, 46(3): 143-148. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000000969
Klasen S. 2002. Low schooling for girls, slower growth for all? Cross‐country evidence on the effect of gender inequality in education on economic development. The World Bank Economic Review, 16(3): 345-373. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhf004
Kooken J, Welsh M, McCoach D, Johnston-Wilder S and Lee C. 2013. Measuring Mathematical Resilience: An application of the construct of resilience to the study of mathematics. Paper presented at national conference of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA. http://oro.open.ac.uk/38987/3/Mathematical%20resilience%202013.pdf. Accessed on 08 June 2022.
Laird KT, Krause B, Funes C and Lavretsky H. 2019. Psychobiological factors of resilience and depression in late life. Translational Psychiatry, 9(1): 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0424-7
Legaki NZ, Xi N, Hamari J, Karpouzis K and Assimakopoulos V. 2020. The effect of challenge-based gamification on learning: An experiment in the context of statistics education. International journal of human-computer studies, 144: 102496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2020.102496
McGee EO and Pearman FA. 2015. Understanding Black male mathematics high achievers from the inside out: Internal risk and protective factors in high school. The Urban Review, 47(3): 513-540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11256-014-0317-2
Miñoza SB and Casinillo LF. 2022. Profiling bachelor of science in statistics (BSS) students under the open enrolment policy. International Journal of Indonesian Education and Teaching, 6(1): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.24071/ijiet.v6i2.3723
Oducado RMF and Soriano GP. 2021. Shifting the education paradigm amid the COVID 19 pandemic: Nursing students’ attitude to E-learning. Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 23(1): 1-14.
Orlowski EW, Friedlander ML, Megale A, Peterson EK and Anderson SR. 2022. Couple and family therapists’ experiences with Telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic: a phenomenological analysis. Contemporary Family Therapy, 44(2): 101-114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-022-09640-x
Pilotti MA, El-Moussa OJ and Abdelsalam HM. 2022. Measuring the impact of the pandemic on female and male students’ learning in a society in transition: A must for sustainable education. Sustainability, 14(6): 3148. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063148
Pratama AR and Scarlatos LL. 2020. The roles of device ownership and infrastructure in promoting E-learning and M-learning in Indonesia. International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning (IJMBL), 12(4): 1-16. https/doi.org/10.4018/IJMBL.2020100101
Qazi A, Naseer K, Qazi J, AlSalman H, Naseem U, Yang S, Hardaker G and Gumaei A. 2020. Conventional to online education during COVID-19 pandemic: Do develop and underdeveloped nations cope alike. Children and Youth Services Review, 119: 105582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105582
Ramirez C, Schau C and Emmioglu E. 2012. The importance of attitudes in statistics education. Statistics Education Research Journal, 11(2): 57-71. https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v11i2.329
Reed GF, Lynn F and Meade BD. 2002. Use of coefficient of variation in assessing variability of quantitative assays. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 9(6): 1235-1239. https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.9.6.1235-1239.2002
Repedro Jr RE and Diego CV. 2021. Attitudes toward Statistics and Statistical Literacy of public senior high school students. Philippine Social Science Journal, 4(3): 48-56. https://doi.org/10.52006/main.v4i3.399
Schneider SL and Council ML. 2021. Distance learning in the era of COVID-19. Archives of Dermatological Research, 313(5): 389-390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-020-02088-9
Schlesselman LS, Cain J and DiVall M. 2020. Improving and restoring the well-being and resilience of pharmacy students during a pandemic. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 84(6): 677-682. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe8144
Sharma G and Yukhymenko-Lescroart MA. 2022. Life purpose as a predictor of resilience and persistence in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/15210251221076828
Srivastava S and Agarwal N. 2020. Psychological & social effects of pandemic Covid-19 on education system, business growth, economic crisis and health issues globally. An International Journal of Management & IT A Refereed Research Journal, 11 (2): 40-45. https://doi.org/10.46360/globus.mgt.120201007
Valenzona JV, Casinillo LF and Casinillo EL. 2022. Modeling students’ innovativeness and its factors in learning mathematics amidst COVID-19 pandemic. The Palawan Scientist, 14(1): 43-50.
Zhan W, Fink R and Fang A. 2010. Application of statistics in engineering technology programs. American Journal of Engineering Education, 1(1): 65-78. https://doi.org/10.19030/ajee.v1i1.793
Ardhiani LN, Hyoscyamina DE and Al Karim CH. 2021. Online positive attitude training: Increasing resilience amidst pandemic. Journal of Nonformal Education, 7(2): 157-165. https://doi.org/10.15294/jne.v7i2.30278
Baharun S, Mohammad Yusof Y, Abdul Rahman R and Ismail Z. 2017. Invoking and supporting engineering student mathematical thinking in informal cooperative learning classroom. Sains Humanika, 9(1-2): 33-38. https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v9n1-2.1094
Bakker A and Wagner D. 2020. Pandemic: lessons for today and tomorrow? Educational Studies in Mathematics, 104(1): 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-020-09946-3
Balakrishnan B and Low FS. 2016. Learning experience and socio-cultural influences on female engineering students’ perspectives on engineering courses and careers. Minerva, 54(2): 219-239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-016-9295-8
Carius AC. 2020. Teaching practices in Mathematics during COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges for technological inclusion in a rural Brazilian school. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS), 72(1): 35-43.
Casinillo LF, Casinillo EL, Valenzona JV, Almonite MRC and Valenzona DL. 2022. How challenging it is to learn Mathematics Online. Philippine Social Science Journal, 5(1): 80-89. https://doi.org/10.52006/main.v5i1.447
Cheung KC. 2017. The effects of resilience in learning variables on mathematical literacy performance: A study of learning characteristics of the academic resilient and advantaged low achievers in Shanghai, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Korea. Educational Psychology, 37(8): 965-982. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2016.1194372
Cronbach LJ. 1951. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16: 297-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555
Dai D and Xia X. 2020. Whether the school self-developed e-Learning platform is more conducive to learning during the COVID-19 pandemic? Best Evidence in Chinese Education, 5(1): 569-580. https://doi.org/10.15354/bece.20.ar030
Dratva J, Zysset A, Schlatter N, von Wyl A, Huber M and Volken T. 2020. Swiss university students’ risk perception and general anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(20): 7433. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207433
Gao J, Wang F, Guo S and Hu F. 2021. Mental health of nursing students amid coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 12: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.699558
Haines B. 2015. Conceptualizing a framework for advanced placement statistics teaching knowledge. Journal of Statistics Education, 23(3): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10691898.2015.11889747
Hamadeh Kerbage S, Garvey L, Willetts G and Olasoji M. 2021. Undergraduate nursing students’ resilience, challenges, and supports during corona virus pandemic. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 30: 1407-1416. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12896
Karairmak O. 2010. Establishing the psychometric qualities of the Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD_RISC) using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a trauma survivor sample. Psychiatry Research, 179: 350-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2009.09.012
Jenkins DG and Quintana-Ascencio PF. 2020. A solution to minimum sample size for regressions. PloS ONE, 15(2): e0229345. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229345
Johnston-Wilder S and Lee C. 2010. Mathematical resilience. Mathematics Teaching, 218: 38-41.
Keener TA, Hall K, Wang K, Hulsey T and Piamjariyakul U. 2021. Quality of life, resilience, and related factors of nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurse Educator, 46(3): 143-148. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000000969
Klasen S. 2002. Low schooling for girls, slower growth for all? Cross‐country evidence on the effect of gender inequality in education on economic development. The World Bank Economic Review, 16(3): 345-373. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhf004
Kooken J, Welsh M, McCoach D, Johnston-Wilder S and Lee C. 2013. Measuring Mathematical Resilience: An application of the construct of resilience to the study of mathematics. Paper presented at national conference of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA. http://oro.open.ac.uk/38987/3/Mathematical%20resilience%202013.pdf. Accessed on 08 June 2022.
Laird KT, Krause B, Funes C and Lavretsky H. 2019. Psychobiological factors of resilience and depression in late life. Translational Psychiatry, 9(1): 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0424-7
Legaki NZ, Xi N, Hamari J, Karpouzis K and Assimakopoulos V. 2020. The effect of challenge-based gamification on learning: An experiment in the context of statistics education. International journal of human-computer studies, 144: 102496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2020.102496
McGee EO and Pearman FA. 2015. Understanding Black male mathematics high achievers from the inside out: Internal risk and protective factors in high school. The Urban Review, 47(3): 513-540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11256-014-0317-2
Miñoza SB and Casinillo LF. 2022. Profiling bachelor of science in statistics (BSS) students under the open enrolment policy. International Journal of Indonesian Education and Teaching, 6(1): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.24071/ijiet.v6i2.3723
Oducado RMF and Soriano GP. 2021. Shifting the education paradigm amid the COVID 19 pandemic: Nursing students’ attitude to E-learning. Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 23(1): 1-14.
Orlowski EW, Friedlander ML, Megale A, Peterson EK and Anderson SR. 2022. Couple and family therapists’ experiences with Telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic: a phenomenological analysis. Contemporary Family Therapy, 44(2): 101-114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-022-09640-x
Pilotti MA, El-Moussa OJ and Abdelsalam HM. 2022. Measuring the impact of the pandemic on female and male students’ learning in a society in transition: A must for sustainable education. Sustainability, 14(6): 3148. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063148
Pratama AR and Scarlatos LL. 2020. The roles of device ownership and infrastructure in promoting E-learning and M-learning in Indonesia. International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning (IJMBL), 12(4): 1-16. https/doi.org/10.4018/IJMBL.2020100101
Qazi A, Naseer K, Qazi J, AlSalman H, Naseem U, Yang S, Hardaker G and Gumaei A. 2020. Conventional to online education during COVID-19 pandemic: Do develop and underdeveloped nations cope alike. Children and Youth Services Review, 119: 105582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105582
Ramirez C, Schau C and Emmioglu E. 2012. The importance of attitudes in statistics education. Statistics Education Research Journal, 11(2): 57-71. https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v11i2.329
Reed GF, Lynn F and Meade BD. 2002. Use of coefficient of variation in assessing variability of quantitative assays. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 9(6): 1235-1239. https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.9.6.1235-1239.2002
Repedro Jr RE and Diego CV. 2021. Attitudes toward Statistics and Statistical Literacy of public senior high school students. Philippine Social Science Journal, 4(3): 48-56. https://doi.org/10.52006/main.v4i3.399
Schneider SL and Council ML. 2021. Distance learning in the era of COVID-19. Archives of Dermatological Research, 313(5): 389-390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-020-02088-9
Schlesselman LS, Cain J and DiVall M. 2020. Improving and restoring the well-being and resilience of pharmacy students during a pandemic. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 84(6): 677-682. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe8144
Sharma G and Yukhymenko-Lescroart MA. 2022. Life purpose as a predictor of resilience and persistence in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/15210251221076828
Srivastava S and Agarwal N. 2020. Psychological & social effects of pandemic Covid-19 on education system, business growth, economic crisis and health issues globally. An International Journal of Management & IT A Refereed Research Journal, 11 (2): 40-45. https://doi.org/10.46360/globus.mgt.120201007
Valenzona JV, Casinillo LF and Casinillo EL. 2022. Modeling students’ innovativeness and its factors in learning mathematics amidst COVID-19 pandemic. The Palawan Scientist, 14(1): 43-50.
Zhan W, Fink R and Fang A. 2010. Application of statistics in engineering technology programs. American Journal of Engineering Education, 1(1): 65-78. https://doi.org/10.19030/ajee.v1i1.793
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