Biological properties of Dendrobium crumenatum Sw. leaves
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Published
Aug 29, 2025
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Louise Isaac F. Guevarra
Eden S. David
Nonnatus S. Bautista
Mary Jhane G. Valentino
Abstract
Dendrobium crumenatum Sw. is one of the native species of orchids in the Philippines, which is known for the aesthetic value of its blossoms. Additionally, it is used in traditional medicine, but few studies have been conducted. The present study was carried out to determine the biological properties of ethanolic extracts from D. crumenatum leaves, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxicity, and teratogenicity. The phytochemical composition was determined using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method. Results revealed that essential oils, phenols, fatty acids, anthraquinones, coumarins, anthrones, tannins, flavonoids, and steroids were present in the ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum leaves. An antioxidant property of 584.9 ug/mg and a total phenolic content of 496.139 mg GAE/g were also detected. Moreover, antibacterial property as a protectant was recorded against Escherichia coli Escherich, Th. 1885 and Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach, 1884. Meanwhile, no antifungal property was observed in the ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum leaves. Regarding cytotoxicity, the results revealed a moderately toxic effect with LC50 value of 341.680 ppm. Lastly, the ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum leaves caused the lethal effect on zebrafish embryo, such as embryo coagulation and absence of heartbeat, while its teratogenic effects included severe growth retardation, yolk deformity, and delayed embryo development. Thus, D. crumenatum leaf extract contains phytochemical constituents with moderate toxicity, depicting its pharmaceutical potential.
How to Cite
Guevarra LIF, David ES, Bautista NS, Valentino MJG. 2025. Biological properties of Dendrobium crumenatum Sw. leaves. The Palawan Scientist. 17(2):60–70. https://doi.org/10.69721/TPS.J.2025.17.2.07.
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Keywords
cytotoxicity, eradicant, phytochemical, protectant, teratogenicity
References
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Austria KC, Waing KGD and Valentino MJG. 2017. Antioxidant and antibacterial potentials of Bambusa blumeana J. A. and J. H. Schultes and Bambusa vulgaris Schrad.ex Wendl. shoot extracts. International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences, 6(11): 2175-2188.
Bhummaphan N and Chanvorachote P. 2015. Gigantol suppresses cancer stem cell-like phenotypes in lung cancer cells, Evidence-Based Complement and Alternative Medicine, 2015: 836564. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/836564
Boonjing S, Pothongsrisit S, Wattanathamsan O, Sritularak B and Pongrakhananon V. 2021. Erianthridin induces non-small cell lung cancer cell apoptosis through the suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity. Planta Medica, 87(4): 283–293. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1295-8606
Cai Y, Hao Y, Xu H, Chen K and Ren B. 2021. Gigantol inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by regulating DEK in non small cell lung cancer. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22(5): 1317. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10752
Cakova V, Bonte F and Lobstein A. 2017. Dendrobium: sources of active ingredients to treat age-related pathologies. Aging and Disease, 8(6): 827-849. https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2017.0214
Chimsook T. 2016. Phytochemical screening, total phenolic content, antioxidant activities and cytotoxicity of Dendrobium signatum leaves. MATEC Web of Conferences, 62: 03005. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20166203005
Cushnie TPT, Cushnie B and Lamb AJ. 2014. Alkaloids: An overview of their antibacterial, antibiotic-enhancing and antivirulence activities. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 44(5): 377–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.06
Dai J and Mumper RJ. 2010. Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their anti oxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules, 15(10): 7313–7352. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15107313
Deng Y, Zhong L, Zhao Y, Wan P, Zhang Y, Liao Y, Zhang H and Liu B. 2024. Erianin suppresses the development of acute myeloid leukemia via PPARɑ and regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathways [Preprint]. Research Square, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5279493/v1
Desbois AP and Smith VJ. 2010. Antibacterial free fatty acids: activities, mechanisms of action and biotechnological potential. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 85(6): 1629–1642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-009-2355-3
Duenas-Lopez MA. 2022. Dendrobium crumenatum (pigeon orchid) (p. 44838223) [Dataset]. CABI Compendium. https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.44838223
Fouillaud M, Venkatachalam M, Girard-Valenciennes E, Caro Y and Dufosse L. 2016. Anthraquinones and derivatives from marine-derived fungi: structural diversity and selected biological activities. Marine Drugs, 14(4): 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/md14040064
Gorlenko CL, Kiselev HY, Budanova EV, Zamyatnin AA and Ikryannikova LN. 2020. Plant secondary metabolites in the battle of drugs and drug-resistant bacteria: new heroes or worse clones of antibiotics? Antibiotics, 9(4): 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9040170
Hu J, Fan W, Dong F, Miao Z and Zhou J. 2012. Chemical components of Dendrobium chrysostom. Chinese Journal of Chemistry, 30(6): 1327–1330. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.201100670
Klongkumnuankarn P, Busaranon K, Chanvorachote P, Sritularak B, Jongbunprasert V and Likhitwitayawuid K. 2015. Cytotoxic and antimigratory activities of phenolic compounds from Dendrobium brymerianum. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/350410
Kumar N and Goel N. 2019. Phenolic acids: natural versatile molecules with promising therapeutic applications. Biotechnology Reports, 24: e00370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00370
Kurniawan FY and Amelia DE. 2021. Chlorophyll and carotenoid level comparisons of pigeon orchid (Dendrobium crumenatum) in water and light stress treatment. Indonesian Journal of Science and Education, 5(1): 44-48.
Lam YW, Ng TB, Yao RJR, Shi J, Xu K, Sze SCW and Zhang KY. 2015. Evaluation of chemical constituents and important mechanism of pharmacological biology in Dendrobium plants. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/841752
Larayetan R, Ololade ZS, Ogunmola OO and Ladokun A. 2019. Phytochemical constituents, anti oxidant, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antitrypanosomal, and antimalarial potentials of the crude extracts of Callistemon citrinus. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5410923
Li G, Zhang H, Lai H, Liang G, Huang J, Zhao F, Xie X and Peng C. 2023. Erianin: A phytoestrogen with therapeutic potential. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 14: 1197056. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1197056
Li C, Sun X, Song Z, Sun J, Li Y, Wang N, Zhang D, Ye F and Dai J. 2022. Chemical constituents from the stems of Dendrobium gratiosissimum and their biological activities. Phytochemistry, 201: 113260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113260
Li S, Xu HX, Wu CT, Wang WQ, Jin W, Gao HL, Li H, Zhang SR, Xu JZ, Qi ZH, Ni QX, Yu XJ and Liu L.2019. Angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer: current research status and clinical implications. Angiogenesis, 22: 15–36. https://doi:10.1007/s10456-018-9645-2
Lindain JMG, Dulay RMR and Valentino MJG. 2018. Antibacterial and teratogenic activity of Eleusine indica leaves extracts. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 13(4): 131-140.
Lin HY, Chang TC, Chang ST and Tradit J. 2018. A review of anti oxidant and pharmacological properties of phenolic compounds in Acacia confuse. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 8(4): 443-450. https://doi.org10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.05.002
Liu YT, Hsieh MJ, Lin JT, Chen G, Lin CC, Lo YS, Chuang YC, His YT, Chen MK and Chou MC. 2019. Erianin induces cell apoptosis through ERK pathway in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 111: 262–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.081
Luo Y, Ren Z, Du B, Xing S, Huang S, Li Y, Lei Z, Li D, Chen H, Huang Y, et al. 2019. Structure Identification of ViceninII extracted from Dendrobium officinale and the reversal of TGF-β1-induced epithelial⁻mesenchymal transition in lung adenocarcinoma cells through TGF-β/Smad and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Molecules, 24(1): 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24010144
Madjid AMO, Sanni A and Lagnika L. 2020. Chemical diversity and pharmacological properties of genus Acacia. Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 13(2): 40-59. https://10.3923/ajaps.2020.40.59
Magwere T. 2009. Escaping immune surveillance in cancer: is denbinobin the panacea? British Journal of Pharmacology, 157(7): 1172–1174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00286.x
Mazid M, Khan TA and Mohammad F. 2011. Role of secondary metabolites in defense mechanisms of plants. Biology and Medicine, 3: 232-249. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13943474
Mehta R, Dhruv S, Kaushik V, Sen KK, Khan NS, Abhishek A, Dixit AK and Tripathi VN. 2020. A comparative study of antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts from four indigenous plants. Bioinformation, 16(3): 267-273. https://doi.org/10.6026/97320630016267
Meitei AL, Pamarthi RK, Kumar R, Bhutia NT, Rai D, Kiran P, Singh AK, Gazmer R and Singh DR. 2019. Dendrobium nobile orchid in traditional medicine - a phytochemical analysis. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 76(3): 557–560. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-0112.2019.00090.2
Namukobe J, Sekandi P, Byamukama R, Murungi M, Nambooze J, Ekyibentenga Y, Nagawa CB and Asiimwe S. 2021. Antibacterial, antioxidant, and sun protection potential of selected ethno medicinal plants used for skin infections in Uganda. Tropical Medicine and Health, 49: 49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-021-00342-y
Nonpanya N, Prakhongcheep O, Petsri K, Jitjaicham C, Tungsukruthai S, Sritularak B and Chanvorachote P. 2020. Ephemeranthol A suppresses epithelial to mesenchymal transition and FAK-Akt signaling in lung cancer cells. Anticancer Research, 40(9): 4989–4999. https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.14502
Paudel MR, Chand M and Pant B. 2019. Assessment of anti oxidant and cytotoxic activities of extracts of Dendrobium crepidatum. Biomolecules, 9(9): 478. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090478
Pengpaeng P, Sritularak B and Chanvorachote P. 2015. Dendrofalconerol A suppresses migrating cancer cells via EMT and integrin proteins. Anticancer research, 35(1): 201–205.
Petpiroon N, Sritularak B and Chanvorachote P. 2017. Phoyunnanin E inhibits migration of non-small cell lung cancer cells via suppression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and integrin αv and integrin β3. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 17(1): 553. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-2059-7
Phiboonchaiyanan PP, Petpiroon N, Sritularak B and Chanvorachote P. 2018. Phoyunnanin E induces apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells via p53 activation and down-regulation of surviving. Anticancer Research, 38(11): 6281–6290. https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.12984
Pothongsrisit S, Arunrungvichian K, Hayakawa Y, Sritularak B, Mangmool S and Pongrakhananon V. 2021. Erianthridin suppresses non-small-cell lung cancer cell metastasis through inhibition of Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. Scientific reports, 11(1): 6618. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85675-8
Ramesh T, Koperuncholan M, Praveena R, Ganeshkumari K, Vanithamani J, Muruganantham P and Renganathan P. 2019. Medicinal properties of some Dendrobium orchids – a review. Journal of Applied and Advanced Research, 4(4): 119–128. https://doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2019.v4i4.72
Ram AT, Shamina M and Pradeep AK. 2021. Dendrobium crumenatum (Orchidaceae): a new record for mainland India. Journal of Botany, 12(3): 45-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/jb.12345
Sandrasagaran U, Subramaniam S and Murugaiyah V. 2014. New perspective of Dendrobium crumenatum orchid for antimicrobial activity against selected pathogenic bacteria. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 46(2): 719-724.
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