Relative gene expression of calcium binding protein in Dendrobium bigibbum Lindl. symbiotically grown with basidiomycetes
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Jul 28, 2025
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Mary Jhane G. Valentino
Abstract
Dendrobium bigibbum Lindl. is one of the native species of orchids in the Philippines. Its pharmaceutical potentials have already been explored in Asian countries. Meanwhile, its seed is one of the major constraints for seed germination and mycorrhizal association with compatible basidiomycetes influences the germination of the seeds. In the formation of mycorrhizal association, calcium signaling is one of the initial responses of the plants wherein calcium serves as secondary messenger which triggers physiological functions and changes in the plants and the fungal symbionts as well. In this article, the molecular expression of calcium binding protein was determined in two stages of developments (rhizoid and seedling stage). In vitro cultivation of D. bigibbum with selected basidiomycetes were extracted. Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase - Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to determine the Cycle Threshold values. Results revealed the upregulation of the calcium binding proteins which indicates the elevation of calcium concentration, thus, there is a presence of plant-fungal interaction.
How to Cite
Valentino MJG. 2025. Relative gene expression of calcium binding protein in Dendrobium bigibbum Lindl. symbiotically grown with basidiomycetes. The Palawan Scientist. 17(2):52–59. https://doi.org/10.69721/TPS.J.2025.17.2.06.
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Keywords
calcium, orchids, secondary messenger, symbiosis
References
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Armstrong L and Peterson RL. 2002. The interface between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices and root cells of Panax quinquefolius: a Paris‐type mycorrhizal association. Mycologia, 94: 587–595. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2003.11833187
Bautista NS and Valentino MJG. 2023. Symbiotic propagation of Dendrobium bigibbum Lindl. with selected saprophytic Basidiomycota. Biodiversitas, 24(6): 3519-3527. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240650
Bickerton PD and Pittman JK. 2012. Calcium signaling in plants. In: eLS. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0023722
Bonfante P. 2001. At the interface between mycorrhizal fungi and plants: the structural organization of cell wall, plasma membrane and cytoskeleton. In: Esser K and Hock B (eds). The Mycota IX. Berlín, Heidelberg: Springer‐Verlag. 45–61 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07334-6_4
Charpentier M, Bredemeier R, Wanner G, Takeda N, Schleiff E and Parniske M. 2008. Lotus japonicus CASTOR and POLLUX are ion channels essential for perinuclear calcium spiking in legume root endosymbiosis. Plant Cell, 20: 3467–3479. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.063255
Chen J, Yan B, Tang Y, Xing Y, Li Y, Zhou D and Guo S. 2020. Symbiotic and asymbiotic germination of Dendrobium officinale (Orchidaceae) respond differently to exogenous gibberellins. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21: 6104. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176104
Cox AV, Abdelhour DG, Bennett MD and Leitch IJ. 1998. Genome size and karyotype evolution in the slipper orchids (Cypripedioideae: Orchidaceae). American Journal of Botany, 85: 681–687. https://doi.org/10.2307/2446538
Cui L, Guo F, Zhang J, Yang S, Meng J, Geng Y, Li X and Wan S. 2019. Synergy of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and exogenous Ca2+ benefits peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growth through the shared hormone and flavonoid pathway. Scientific Reports, 9(1): 16281. https://doi:10.1038/s41598-019-52630-7
Da Silva JAT and Ng TB. 2017. The medicinal and pharmaceutical importance of Dendrobium species. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 101(6): 2227-2239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8169-9
Da Silva JAT, Tsavkelova JA, Zeng EA, Ng TB, Parthibhan S, Dobránszki J, Cardoso JC and Rao MV. 2015. Symbiotic in vitro seed propagation of Dendrobium: fungal and bacterial partners and their influence on plant growth and development. Planta, 242: 1–22. https://doi.10.1007/s00425-015-2301-9
Dearnaley JDW. 2007. Further advances in orchid mycorrhizal research. Mycorrhiza, 17: 475–486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-007-0138-1
Dressler RL. 1993. Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family. Cambridge University Press, University of Cambridge. 330pp.
Dodd AN, Kudla J and Sanders D. 2010. The language of calcium signaling. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 61: 593–620. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-070109-104628
Galon Y, Nave R, Boyce JM, Nachmias D, Knight MR and Fromm H. 2008. Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) 3 mediates biotic defense responses in Arabidopsis. Federation of European Biochemical Societies Letters, 582: 943–948. https://doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2008.02.037
Genre A, Chabaud M, Timmers T, Bonfante P and Barker DG. 2005. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi elicit a novel intracellular apparatus in Medicago truncatula root epidermal cells before infection. The Plant Cell, 17: 3489–3499. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.105.035410
Gleason C, Chaudhuri S, Yang T, Munoz A, Poovaiah BW and Oldroyd GED. 2006. Nodulation independent of rhizobia induced by a calcium-activated kinase lacking autoinhibition. Nature, 441(7097): 1149–1152. https://doi:10.1038/nature04812
Harper JF and Harmon A. 2005. Plants, symbiosis and parasites: a calcium signaling connection. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 6: 555–566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1679
Herrbach V, Rembliere C, Gough C, Bensmihen S. 2014. Lateral root formation and patterning in Medicago truncatula. Journal of Plant Physiology, 171(3-4): 301-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2013.09.006
Herrera HR, Valadares D, Contreras D, Bashan Y and Arriagada C. 2017. Mycorrhizal compatibility and symbiotic seed germination of orchids from the Coastal Range and Andes in south central Chile. Mycorrhiza, 27: 175–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-016-0733-0
Kim MC, Chung WS, Yun DJ and Cho MJ. 2009. Calcium and calmodulin mediated regulation of gene expression in plants. Molecular Plant, 2: 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/mp/ssn091
Kretzschmart W, Kohlen J, Sasse L, Borghi M, Schlegel JB, Bachelier D, Reinhardt R, Bours HJ, Bouwmeester E and Martinoia E. 2012. A petunia ABC protein controls strigolactone‐ dependent symbiotic signalling and branching. Nature, 483: 341–344. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10873
Kudla J, Batistic O and Hashimoto K. 2010. Calcium signals: The lead currency of plant information processing. The Plant Cell, 22: 541–563. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.109.072686
Lecourieux D, Mazars C, Pauly N, Ranjeva R and Pugin A. 2002. Analysis and effects of cytosolic free calcium increases in response to elicitors in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cells. Plant Cell, 14: 2627–2641. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.005579
Lee YI, Yang CK and Gebauer G. 2015. The importance of associations with saprotrophic non-Rhizoctonia fungi among fully mycoheterotrophic orchids is currently under-estimated: novel evidence from sub-tropical Asia. Annals of Botany, 116: 423–435. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcv085
Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods, 25: 402–408. https://doi.org/10.1006/meth.2001.1262
Luan S and Wang C. 2021. Calcium signaling mechanisms across kingdoms. Annual Review Cell and Developmental Biology, 37: 311–340. https://doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120219-035210
Mazars C, Bourque S, Mithofer A, Pugin A and Ranjeva R. 2009. Calcium homeostasis in plant cell nuclei. New Phytologist, 181: 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02680.x
Moscatiello R, Squartini A, Mariani P and Navazio L. 2010. Flavonoid-induced calcium signalling in rhizobium Leguminosarum bv. viciae. New Phytologist, 188(3): 814–823. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03411.x
Mohanta TK and Bae H. 2015. Functional genomics and signaling events in mycorrhizal symbiosis. Journal of Plant Interactions. 10(1): 21-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2015.1005180
Nontachaiyapoom S, Sasirat S and Manoch L. 2011. Symbiotic seed germination of Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume and Dendrobium draconis Rchb. f, native orchids of Thailand. Scientia Horticulturae, 130: 303–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.06.040
Perotto S, Rodda M, Benetti A, Sillo F, Ercole E, Rodda M, Girlanda M, Murat C and Balestrini R. 2014. Gene expression in mycorrhizal orchid protocorms suggests a friendly plant–fungus relationship. Planta, 239: 1337–1349. https://doi.org/10.4161/15592324.2014.977707
Rasmussen HN and Rasmussen FN. 2014. Seedling mycorrhiza: a discussion of origin and evolution in Orchidaceae. Botanicalo Journal of the Linnean Society, 175: 313–327. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12170
Reddy AS, Ali GS, Celesnik H and Day IS. 2011. Coping with stresses: roles of calcium- and calcium/calmodulin-regulated gene expression. Plant Cell, 23: 2010–2032. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.111.084988
Reid D, Nadzieja M, Novák O, Heckmann AB, Sandal N and Stougaard J. 2017. Cytokinin biosynthesis promotes cortical cell responses during nodule development. Plant Physiology, 175(1): 361–375. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.17.00832
Reid DE, Heckmann AB, Novak O, Kelly S and Stougaard J. 2016. Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase3 maintains cytokinin homeostasis during root and nodule development in lotus japonicus. Plant Physiology, 170(2): 1060–1074. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.15.00650
QIAGEN. 2024. RNeasy Kits for RNA Purification. https://www.qiagen.com/us/products/discovery-and-translational-research/dna-rna-purification/rna-purification/total-rna/rneasy-kits.
Robert-Seilaniantz A, Grant M and Jones JD. 2011. Hormone crosstalk in plant disease and defense: more than just jasmonate-salicylate antagonism. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 49: 317–343. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-073009-114447
Seybold H, Trempel F, Ranf S, Scheel D, Romeis T and Lee J. 2014. Ca2+ signaling in plant immune response: from pattern recognition receptors to Ca2+ decoding mechanisms. New Phytologist, 204: 782–790. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13031
Smith SE and Read DJ. 2008. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, 3rd edition, Academic Press, San Diego, USA. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-370526-6.X5001-6
Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporation. 2015. Thermo Scientific Multiskan GO User Manual. https://assets.thermofisher.com/TFS-Assets/LCD/manuals/D01521~.pdf.
Tsuda K and Somssich IE. 2015. Transcriptional networks in plant immunity. New Phytologist, 206: 932–947. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13286
Utami ES and Hariyanto S. 2019. In vitro seed germination and seedling Development of a rare Indonesian native orchid Phalaenopsis amboinensis. Scientifica, 8105138. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8105138
Valadares RBS, Pereira MM, Otero JT and Cardoso EJ. 2012. Narrow fungal mycorrhizal diversity in a population of the orchid Coppensia doniana. Biotropica, 44: 114–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00769.x
Wang L, Tsuda K, Sato M, Cohen JD, Katagiri F and Glazebrook J. 2009. Arabidopsis CaM binding protein CBP60g contributes to MAMP-induced SA accumulation and is involved in disease resistance against Pseudomonas syringae. PLoS Pathogens, 5: e1000301. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000301
Wang R, He F, Ning Y and Wang GL. 2020. Fine-tuning of RBOH-mediated ROS signaling in plant immunity. Trends Plant Science, 25(11): 1060–1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2020.08.001
Yi M and Valent B. 2013. Communication between filamentous pathogens and plants at the biotrophic interface. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 51: 587–611. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-172916
Yuan P, Jauregui E, Du L, Tanaka K and Poovaiah BW. 2017. Calcium signatures and signaling events orchestrate plant–microbe interactions. Current Opinions in Plant Biology, 38: 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2017.06.003
Zhang Y, Xu S, Ding P, Wang D, Cheng YT, He J, Gao M, Xu F, Li Y, Zhu Z et al. 2010. Control of salicylic acid synthesis and systemic acquired resistance by two members of a plant-specific family of transcription factors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of United States of America, 107(42): 18220–18225. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1005225107
Zhang Y, Li YY, Chen XM, Guo XS and Lee YI. 2020. Effect of different mycobionts on symbiotic germination and seedling growth of Dendrobium officinale, an important medicinal orchid. Botanical Studies, 61: 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-019-0278-6
Armstrong L and Peterson RL. 2002. The interface between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices and root cells of Panax quinquefolius: a Paris‐type mycorrhizal association. Mycologia, 94: 587–595. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2003.11833187
Bautista NS and Valentino MJG. 2023. Symbiotic propagation of Dendrobium bigibbum Lindl. with selected saprophytic Basidiomycota. Biodiversitas, 24(6): 3519-3527. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240650
Bickerton PD and Pittman JK. 2012. Calcium signaling in plants. In: eLS. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0023722
Bonfante P. 2001. At the interface between mycorrhizal fungi and plants: the structural organization of cell wall, plasma membrane and cytoskeleton. In: Esser K and Hock B (eds). The Mycota IX. Berlín, Heidelberg: Springer‐Verlag. 45–61 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07334-6_4
Charpentier M, Bredemeier R, Wanner G, Takeda N, Schleiff E and Parniske M. 2008. Lotus japonicus CASTOR and POLLUX are ion channels essential for perinuclear calcium spiking in legume root endosymbiosis. Plant Cell, 20: 3467–3479. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.063255
Chen J, Yan B, Tang Y, Xing Y, Li Y, Zhou D and Guo S. 2020. Symbiotic and asymbiotic germination of Dendrobium officinale (Orchidaceae) respond differently to exogenous gibberellins. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21: 6104. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176104
Cox AV, Abdelhour DG, Bennett MD and Leitch IJ. 1998. Genome size and karyotype evolution in the slipper orchids (Cypripedioideae: Orchidaceae). American Journal of Botany, 85: 681–687. https://doi.org/10.2307/2446538
Cui L, Guo F, Zhang J, Yang S, Meng J, Geng Y, Li X and Wan S. 2019. Synergy of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and exogenous Ca2+ benefits peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growth through the shared hormone and flavonoid pathway. Scientific Reports, 9(1): 16281. https://doi:10.1038/s41598-019-52630-7
Da Silva JAT and Ng TB. 2017. The medicinal and pharmaceutical importance of Dendrobium species. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 101(6): 2227-2239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8169-9
Da Silva JAT, Tsavkelova JA, Zeng EA, Ng TB, Parthibhan S, Dobránszki J, Cardoso JC and Rao MV. 2015. Symbiotic in vitro seed propagation of Dendrobium: fungal and bacterial partners and their influence on plant growth and development. Planta, 242: 1–22. https://doi.10.1007/s00425-015-2301-9
Dearnaley JDW. 2007. Further advances in orchid mycorrhizal research. Mycorrhiza, 17: 475–486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-007-0138-1
Dressler RL. 1993. Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family. Cambridge University Press, University of Cambridge. 330pp.
Dodd AN, Kudla J and Sanders D. 2010. The language of calcium signaling. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 61: 593–620. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-070109-104628
Galon Y, Nave R, Boyce JM, Nachmias D, Knight MR and Fromm H. 2008. Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) 3 mediates biotic defense responses in Arabidopsis. Federation of European Biochemical Societies Letters, 582: 943–948. https://doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2008.02.037
Genre A, Chabaud M, Timmers T, Bonfante P and Barker DG. 2005. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi elicit a novel intracellular apparatus in Medicago truncatula root epidermal cells before infection. The Plant Cell, 17: 3489–3499. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.105.035410
Gleason C, Chaudhuri S, Yang T, Munoz A, Poovaiah BW and Oldroyd GED. 2006. Nodulation independent of rhizobia induced by a calcium-activated kinase lacking autoinhibition. Nature, 441(7097): 1149–1152. https://doi:10.1038/nature04812
Harper JF and Harmon A. 2005. Plants, symbiosis and parasites: a calcium signaling connection. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 6: 555–566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1679
Herrbach V, Rembliere C, Gough C, Bensmihen S. 2014. Lateral root formation and patterning in Medicago truncatula. Journal of Plant Physiology, 171(3-4): 301-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2013.09.006
Herrera HR, Valadares D, Contreras D, Bashan Y and Arriagada C. 2017. Mycorrhizal compatibility and symbiotic seed germination of orchids from the Coastal Range and Andes in south central Chile. Mycorrhiza, 27: 175–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-016-0733-0
Kim MC, Chung WS, Yun DJ and Cho MJ. 2009. Calcium and calmodulin mediated regulation of gene expression in plants. Molecular Plant, 2: 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/mp/ssn091
Kretzschmart W, Kohlen J, Sasse L, Borghi M, Schlegel JB, Bachelier D, Reinhardt R, Bours HJ, Bouwmeester E and Martinoia E. 2012. A petunia ABC protein controls strigolactone‐ dependent symbiotic signalling and branching. Nature, 483: 341–344. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10873
Kudla J, Batistic O and Hashimoto K. 2010. Calcium signals: The lead currency of plant information processing. The Plant Cell, 22: 541–563. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.109.072686
Lecourieux D, Mazars C, Pauly N, Ranjeva R and Pugin A. 2002. Analysis and effects of cytosolic free calcium increases in response to elicitors in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cells. Plant Cell, 14: 2627–2641. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.005579
Lee YI, Yang CK and Gebauer G. 2015. The importance of associations with saprotrophic non-Rhizoctonia fungi among fully mycoheterotrophic orchids is currently under-estimated: novel evidence from sub-tropical Asia. Annals of Botany, 116: 423–435. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcv085
Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods, 25: 402–408. https://doi.org/10.1006/meth.2001.1262
Luan S and Wang C. 2021. Calcium signaling mechanisms across kingdoms. Annual Review Cell and Developmental Biology, 37: 311–340. https://doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120219-035210
Mazars C, Bourque S, Mithofer A, Pugin A and Ranjeva R. 2009. Calcium homeostasis in plant cell nuclei. New Phytologist, 181: 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02680.x
Moscatiello R, Squartini A, Mariani P and Navazio L. 2010. Flavonoid-induced calcium signalling in rhizobium Leguminosarum bv. viciae. New Phytologist, 188(3): 814–823. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03411.x
Mohanta TK and Bae H. 2015. Functional genomics and signaling events in mycorrhizal symbiosis. Journal of Plant Interactions. 10(1): 21-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2015.1005180
Nontachaiyapoom S, Sasirat S and Manoch L. 2011. Symbiotic seed germination of Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume and Dendrobium draconis Rchb. f, native orchids of Thailand. Scientia Horticulturae, 130: 303–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.06.040
Perotto S, Rodda M, Benetti A, Sillo F, Ercole E, Rodda M, Girlanda M, Murat C and Balestrini R. 2014. Gene expression in mycorrhizal orchid protocorms suggests a friendly plant–fungus relationship. Planta, 239: 1337–1349. https://doi.org/10.4161/15592324.2014.977707
Rasmussen HN and Rasmussen FN. 2014. Seedling mycorrhiza: a discussion of origin and evolution in Orchidaceae. Botanicalo Journal of the Linnean Society, 175: 313–327. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12170
Reddy AS, Ali GS, Celesnik H and Day IS. 2011. Coping with stresses: roles of calcium- and calcium/calmodulin-regulated gene expression. Plant Cell, 23: 2010–2032. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.111.084988
Reid D, Nadzieja M, Novák O, Heckmann AB, Sandal N and Stougaard J. 2017. Cytokinin biosynthesis promotes cortical cell responses during nodule development. Plant Physiology, 175(1): 361–375. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.17.00832
Reid DE, Heckmann AB, Novak O, Kelly S and Stougaard J. 2016. Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase3 maintains cytokinin homeostasis during root and nodule development in lotus japonicus. Plant Physiology, 170(2): 1060–1074. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.15.00650
QIAGEN. 2024. RNeasy Kits for RNA Purification. https://www.qiagen.com/us/products/discovery-and-translational-research/dna-rna-purification/rna-purification/total-rna/rneasy-kits.
Robert-Seilaniantz A, Grant M and Jones JD. 2011. Hormone crosstalk in plant disease and defense: more than just jasmonate-salicylate antagonism. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 49: 317–343. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-073009-114447
Seybold H, Trempel F, Ranf S, Scheel D, Romeis T and Lee J. 2014. Ca2+ signaling in plant immune response: from pattern recognition receptors to Ca2+ decoding mechanisms. New Phytologist, 204: 782–790. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13031
Smith SE and Read DJ. 2008. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, 3rd edition, Academic Press, San Diego, USA. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-370526-6.X5001-6
Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporation. 2015. Thermo Scientific Multiskan GO User Manual. https://assets.thermofisher.com/TFS-Assets/LCD/manuals/D01521~.pdf.
Tsuda K and Somssich IE. 2015. Transcriptional networks in plant immunity. New Phytologist, 206: 932–947. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13286
Utami ES and Hariyanto S. 2019. In vitro seed germination and seedling Development of a rare Indonesian native orchid Phalaenopsis amboinensis. Scientifica, 8105138. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8105138
Valadares RBS, Pereira MM, Otero JT and Cardoso EJ. 2012. Narrow fungal mycorrhizal diversity in a population of the orchid Coppensia doniana. Biotropica, 44: 114–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00769.x
Wang L, Tsuda K, Sato M, Cohen JD, Katagiri F and Glazebrook J. 2009. Arabidopsis CaM binding protein CBP60g contributes to MAMP-induced SA accumulation and is involved in disease resistance against Pseudomonas syringae. PLoS Pathogens, 5: e1000301. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000301
Wang R, He F, Ning Y and Wang GL. 2020. Fine-tuning of RBOH-mediated ROS signaling in plant immunity. Trends Plant Science, 25(11): 1060–1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2020.08.001
Yi M and Valent B. 2013. Communication between filamentous pathogens and plants at the biotrophic interface. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 51: 587–611. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-172916
Yuan P, Jauregui E, Du L, Tanaka K and Poovaiah BW. 2017. Calcium signatures and signaling events orchestrate plant–microbe interactions. Current Opinions in Plant Biology, 38: 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2017.06.003
Zhang Y, Xu S, Ding P, Wang D, Cheng YT, He J, Gao M, Xu F, Li Y, Zhu Z et al. 2010. Control of salicylic acid synthesis and systemic acquired resistance by two members of a plant-specific family of transcription factors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of United States of America, 107(42): 18220–18225. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1005225107
Zhang Y, Li YY, Chen XM, Guo XS and Lee YI. 2020. Effect of different mycobionts on symbiotic germination and seedling growth of Dendrobium officinale, an important medicinal orchid. Botanical Studies, 61: 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-019-0278-6
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