Bioethanol extraction from Coconut (Cocos nucifera Linnaeus) embryo using Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Published
Jun 20, 2021
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Abstract
The world oil crisis is looming as supply levels are under threat. This study is the first attempt to extract bioethanol from Coconut (Cocos nucifera Linnaeus) embryo using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Samples of coconut embryos were collected, ground, and subjected to acid hydrolysis. These were then filtered, and the residues collected were treated with two different amounts of buffer solution. Cultured strains of S. cerevisiae were inoculated into the prepared Yeast Extract-Peptone-Dextrose (YPD) broth. Buffer-treated samples were then inoculated with 5 ml of the yeast solution and allowed to ferment at various times. After different fermentation times, samples were filtered, and the obtained filtrates were subjected to the distillation process for bioethanol concentration determination. Results showed that samples allowed to ferment at 72 h and 96 h yielded 7.11% and 12.22% bioethanol, respectively. The samples treated with 50 ml and 100 ml of buffer solution produced 9.02% and 10.31% bioethanol, respectively. The main effect of fermentation time on bioethanol concentration was statistically substantial such that samples allowed to ferment in 96 h yielded higher bioethanol concentration than samples permitted to ferment in 72 h. Based on the results, bioethanol could be extracted from a novel, cheap, and readily available coconut embryo using S. cerevisiae.
How to Cite
Labis RJB, Alipio MM, Pregoner JDM, Lantajo GMA. 2021. Bioethanol extraction from Coconut (Cocos nucifera Linnaeus) embryo using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Palawan Scientist. 13(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.69721/TPS.J.2021.13.1.01.
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Keywords
acid hydrolysis, agri-food industry waste, bioconversion, fermentation
References
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Togarepi E, Mapiye C, Muchanyereyi N and Dzomba P. 2012. Optimization of fermentation parameters for ethanol production from Ziziphus mauritiana fruit pulp using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NA33). International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review, 2(2): 60-69. DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2012/1096.
Zou C, Zhao Q, Zhang G and Xiong B. 2016. Energy revolution: from a fossil energy era to a new energy era. Natural Gas Industry B, 3(1): 1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.ngib.2016.02.001.
Azhar SHM, Abdulla R, Jambo SA, Marbawi H, Gansau JA, Mohd Faik AA and Rodrigues KF. 2017. Yeasts in sustainable bioethanol production: a review. Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports, 10: 52-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.03.003.
Benjaphokee S, Hasegawa D, Yokota D, Asvarak T, Auesukaree C, Sugiyama M, Kaneko Y, Boonchird C and Harashima S. 2012. Highly efficient bioethanol production by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with multiple stress tolerance to high temperature, acid and ethanol. New Biotechnology, 29(3): 379-86. DOI:10.1016/j.nbt.2011.07.002.
Bhatia SC. 2014. Wind Energy. In: Bhatia SC (ed). Advanced Renewable Energy Systems. Woodhead Publishing, India, pp. 184-222.
Cabral MM, Abud AK, Silva CE and Almeida RM. 2016. Bioethanol production from coconut husk fiber. Ciencia Rural, 46(10): 1872-1877. DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20151331.
De Souza AP, Grandis A, Leite DC and Buckeridge MS. 2014. Sugarcane as a bioenergy source: history, performance, and perspectives for second-generation bioethanol. BioEnergy Research, 7(1): 24-35. DOI: 10.1007/s12155-013-9366-8.
Decker F. 2018. Does coconut flour have carbohydrates? https://healthyeating.sfgate.com/coconut-flour-carbohydrates-11359.html. Accessed on 29 January 2019.
El-Mekkawi SA, Abdo SM, Samhan FA and Ali GH. 2019. Optimization of some fermentation conditions for bioethanol production from microalgae using response surface method. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 43(1): 164. DOI: 10.1186/s42269-019-0205-8.
Fahrizal F, Muzaifa M and Muslim M. 2013. The effects of temperature and length of fermentation on bioethanol production from Arenga plant (Arenga pinnata MERR). International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 3(3): 244-247. DOI: 10.18517/ijaseit.3.3.328.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2017. Coconut production in the Philippines. http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/index/en/?iso3=PHL. Accessed on 30 January 2019.
Goncalves FA, Ruiz HA, dos Santos ES, Teixeira JA and de Macedo GR. 2015. Bioethanol production from coconuts and cactus pretreated by autohydrolysis. Industrial Crops and Products, 77: 1-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.06.041.
Gosavi P, Chaudhary Y and Durve-Gupta A. 2017. Production of biofuel from fruits and vegetable wastes. European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience, 5(3): 69-73.
Guevara B. 2005. A Guidebook to Plant Screening: Phytochemical and Biological. University of Santo Tomas Publishing House, Espana, Manila, Philippines. 150pp.
Gutierrez ED, Amul KML, Carpio RM and Toledo ARM. 2015. Effect of selected fermentation parameters on bioethanol production from ripe Carabao Mango (Mangifera indica) peelings. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(4): 29-35. http://www.apjmr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/APJMR-2015-3.4.4.05.pdf
Ho H, Gan R and Verbo V. 2006. Microbiology and Parasitology: Laboratory Manual for the Health Sciences. C and E Publishing, Inc., Quezon City, Philippines. 323pp.
Hopkins WG. 2017. Spreadsheets for analysis of validity and reliability. Sportscience, 21: 36-44.
Hossain N and Jalil R. 2017. Sugar and bioethanol production from oil palm trunk (OPT). Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment, 4(1): 6-13.
Islam SM, Nayar CV, Abu-Siada A and Hasan MM. 2018. Power Electronics for Renewable Energy Sources. In: Rashid MH (ed). Power Electronics Handbook. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, United Kingdom, pp. 723-766.
Jayakody JR. 2016. Study the factors influencing the production of ethanol from waste coconut water. Master of Science in Chemical and Processing Engineering. University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka. 55pp.
Kuhad RC, Gupta R, Khasa YP and Singh A. 2010. Bioethanol production from Lantana camara (red sage): pretreatment, saccharification and fermentation. Bioresource Technology, 101(21): 8348-8354.
Kundiyana DK, Wilkins MR, Maddipati P and Huhnke RL. 2011. Effect of temperature, pH and buffer presence on ethanol production from synthesis gas by Clostridium ragsdalei. Bioresource Technology, 102(10): 5794-5799.
Lazkano I, Nostbakken L and Pelli M. 2017. From fossil fuels to renewables: the role of electricity storage. European Economic Review, 99: 113-129. DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2017.03.013.
Ma L, Cui Y, Cai R, Liu X, Zhang C and Xiao D. 2015. Optimization and evaluation of alkaline potassium permanganate pretreatment of corncob. Bioresource Technology, 180: 1-6.
Ravikumar S, Gokulakrishnan R, Kanagavel M and Thajuddin N. 2011. Production of biofuel ethanol from pretreated seagrass by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 4(9): 1087-1089.
Remo A. 2017. Addressing waste management woes in cities. Philippine Daily Inquirer, Makati.
https://business.inquirer.net/238997/addressing-waste-management-woes-cities. Accessed on 04 February 2019.
Schwietzke S, Kim Y, Ximenes E, Mosier N and Ladisch M. 2009. Ethanol Production from Maize. In: Kriz AL and Larkins BA (eds). Molecular Genetic Approaches to Maize Improvement. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 347-364.
Shakun JD, Clark PU, He F, Marcott SA, Mix AC, Liu Z, Otto-Bliesner B, Schmittner A and Bard E. 2012. Global warming preceded by increasing carbon dioxide concentrations during the last deglaciation. Nature, 484(7392): 49-54. DOI:10.1038/nature10915.
Sheikh RA, Al-Bar OA and Soliman YMA. 2016. Biochemical studies on the production of biofuel (bioethanol) from potato peels wastes by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: effects of fermentation periods and nitrogen source concentration. Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment, 30(3): 497-505. DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1159527.
Srimachai T, Nuithitikul K, Sompong O, Kongjan P and Panpong K. 2015. Optimization and kinetic modeling of ethanol production from oil palm frond juice in batch fermentation. Energy Procedia, 79: 111-118.
Talebnia F, Karakashev D and Angelidaki I. 2010. Production of bioethanol from wheat straw: an overview on pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation. Bioresource Technology, 101(13): 4744-4753. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.080.
Tesfaw A and Assefa F. 2014. Current trends in bioethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: substrate, inhibitor reduction, growth variables, coculture, and immobilization. International Scholarly Research Notices, 1-11. DOI: 10.1155/2014/532852.
Togarepi E, Mapiye C, Muchanyereyi N and Dzomba P. 2012. Optimization of fermentation parameters for ethanol production from Ziziphus mauritiana fruit pulp using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NA33). International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review, 2(2): 60-69. DOI: 10.9734/ijbcrr/2012/1096.
Zou C, Zhao Q, Zhang G and Xiong B. 2016. Energy revolution: from a fossil energy era to a new energy era. Natural Gas Industry B, 3(1): 1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.ngib.2016.02.001.
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