Implementation of Area-Specific Action Plans (ASAP) for community-based MPAs in Cagayancillo, Palawan, Philippines: funded versus not funded
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Published
Jul 30, 2024
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Michael Angelo D. Maga-ao
Abraham P. Cea
Sagrado C. Magallanes
Jennifier T. Diamante
Reagan Venturillo
Maria Mojena Gonzales-Plasus
Benjamin J. Gonzales
Abstract
The Area Specific Action Plan (ASAP) for community-based MPAs serves as an outline of the framework for the purpose, design, and implementation of MPAs. The funding from the US Department of the Interior (USDOI) through Tanggol Kalikasan (TK) was used for the planning, training, and implementation of the Area-Specific Action Plan (ASAP) through Tanggol Kalikasan (TK). Two barangays from the Municipality of Cagayancillo were chosen as beneficiaries of the funding. This study aimed to assess the level of implementation of the ASAP on coastal resource management (CRM) and law enforcement in the community-managed MPAs in Cagayancillo Island, Palawan, through a comparison of the results of the perception survey interviews of the respondents from the control sites and funded sites. Four marine protected areas (MPAs) in the Cagayancillo region were selected as study areas: the MPAs in Barangays (Bgy.) Sta. Cruz (C1) and Nusa (C2) which did not receive additional funding from TK served as control sites; while Bgy. Mampio (F1) and Bgy. Talaga (F2) which received funding from TK, served as the funded site. The results showed that all CRM indicators were fully implemented (4.0) in C1, C2, and F2. The F1, on the other hand, had moderate implementation (2.0) of conducting seminar-workshops on MPA and poor implementation (1.0) of posting tarpaulin, signage, and other infographics. In terms of law enforcement, I1 had significantly moderate implementation (2.0) compared to other barangays. The implementation of ASAP in F1 was badly affected by Typhoon Odette in December 2021. Taking all factors into consideration, personal interview results revealed that the key to the effective implementation of MPAs’ CRM and law enforcement activities significantly depends on the leaders of a barangay. Well-established leadership can efficiently and responsibly implement projects within their areas.
How to Cite
Malolos CF, Maga-ao MAD, Cea AP, Magallanes SC, Diamante JT, Venturillo R, Gonzales-Plasus MM, Gonzales BJ. 2024. Implementation of Area-Specific Action Plans (ASAP) for community-based MPAs in Cagayancillo, Palawan, Philippines: funded versus not funded. The Palawan Scientist. 17(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.69721/TPS.J.2025.17.1.01.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Keywords
ASAP,Barangay, CRM, law enforcement, MPA
References
Berkes F. 2015. Coasts for People: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Coastal and Marine Resource Management, New York. 394pp. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315771038
Cameron L. 2016. Grassroots tactics could improve global environmental policies. MSUTODAY. Michigan State University. https://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2016/grassroots-tactics-could-improve-global-environmental-policiEs. Accessed on 27 April 2023.
Dedace S. 2015. This natural marine park helps keep a remote Philippines town alive. https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?254073/This-natural-marine-park-helps-keep-a-remote-Philippine-town-alive. Accessed on 29 April 2023.
DENR (Department of Environment and Natural Resources), BFAR (Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources of the Department of Agriculture), DILG (Department of the Interior and Local Government) and CRMP (Coastal Resource Management Project). 2001. Philippine Coastal Management Guidebook No. 8: Coastal Law Enforcement. Coastal Resource Management Project of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Cebu City, Philippines. 164pp. https://faspselib.denr.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Publication%20Files/crmguidebook8.pdf. Accessed on 01 May 2023.
Day J, Dudley N, Hockings M, Holmes G, Stolton S, Well S and Wenzel L. (eds). 2019 Guideline for applying the IUCN Protected Area Management Categories to Marine Protected Area. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 34pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.25607/OBP-694.
Ferrer EM and Nozawa CMC. 1997. Community-Based Coastal Resources Management in the Philippines: Key Concepts, Methods, and Lessons Learned. University of the Philippines Diliman. http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca/dspace/bitstream/123456789/33448/1/Key-concepts.pdf. Accessed on 01 May 2023.
Gallacher J, Simmonds N, Fellowes H, Brown N, Gill N, Clark W, Biggs C and Rodwell LD. 2016. Evaluating the success of a marine protected area: A systematic review approach, Journal of Environmental Management, 183(1): 280-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.08.029.
Google map. 2023. https://www.google.com/maps/place/Cagayancillo,+Palawan/@9.5972423,121.1575975,11.7z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x33b335c0462064eb:0xb1681dff98266723!8m2!3d9.634473!4d121.2397438!16zL20vMDZzNWZ6?entry=ttu. Accessed on 01 May 2023.
Gonzales BJ. 2011. Status and mechanism of municipal LGU ICRM Plans. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Republic of the Philippines. Integrated Coastal Resource Management Project. 38pp.
Gonzales BJ, Pagliawan HB, Becira JG and Gonzales MMG. 2014a. Marine resource assessment for sustainable utilization of Snake Island, Palawan, Philippines. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation International Journal of the Bioflux Society, 7(5): 372-385.
Gonzales BJ and Gonzales MMG. 2016. Trends of coral, fish, and fisheries near and far from human developments in coral bay, Southwest Sulu Sea, Palawan, Philippines. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation International Journal of the Bioflux Society, 9(2): 396-407.
Gonzales BJ, Dolorosa RG, Pagliawan HB and Gonzales MMG. 2014b. Marine resource assessment for sustainable management of Apulit Island, West Sulu Sea, Palawan, Philippines. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2(2): 130-136.
Gonzales BJ, Becira J, Galon W and Gonzales MMG. 2014c. Protected versus unprotected area with reference to fishes, corals, macroinvertebrates, and CPUE in Honda Bay, Palawan. The Palawan Scientist, 6: 42-59.
Gonzales BJ, Dalumpines RH, Dagaraga RS, Sariego RS, Manarpaac EP, Lariza CLS and Plasus MMG. 2021. Implementing environmental plans and laws at rural grassroots, Palawan, Philippines: Status, factors, and moving forward. The Palawan Scientist, 13 (1): 59-77.
IUCN (International Union for Coservation of Nature). 2019. World Commission on Protected Areas: Applying IUCN’s Conservation Standards to Marine Protected Areas (MPA). https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/content/documents/applying_mpa_global_standards_final_version_050418.pdf. Accessed on 01 May 2023.
Miranda J. 2021. Typhoon damage in Palawan hits P 7.8 billion. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1532767/typhoon-damage-in-palawan-hitsp-7-8-billion#ixzz8EaMTbUAz. Accessed on 28 September 2023.
Palla HP, Gonzales BJ, Gonzales MMG and Matillano MVD. 2015. Fish catch during Southwest Monsoon season in Taytay Bay, Northwest Sulu Sea, Philippines: with notes on live reef fisheries. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation International Journal of the Bioflux Society, 8(3): 272- 281.
PIN (People in Need). 2017. 2017-2021 Global Strategy for Good Governance. Czech Republic. 10pp. https://resources.peopleinneed.net/documents/27-1805-pin-rdd-strategy-good-governance-v6-fina.pdf. Accessed on 02 May 2023.
Pomeroy RS, Katon BM and Harkes I. 2001. Conditions affecting the success of fisheries co-management: Lessons from Asia. Marine Policy, 25(3): 197-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-597X(01)00010-0.
Pomeroy RS, Parks JE and Watson LM. 2005. How is Your MPA Doing? A Guidebook: Biophysical, socioeconomic and governance indicators for the evaluation of management effectiveness of marine protected areas. IUCN World Commission on Marine Protected Areas, World Wide Fund for Nature, and National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. Gland, Switzerland and Silver Spring, Maryland. ISBN: 2831707358.
Russ G and Alcala A. 1999. Management histories of Sumilon and Apo Marine Reserves, Philippines, and their influence on national marine resource policy. Coral Reefs, 18: 307–319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003380050203
Sanders JS, Gréboval D and Hjort A. (comp.) 2013. Marine protected areas: country case studies on policy, governance and institutional issues. Japan, Mauritania, the Philippines, Samoa. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. No. 556/2, Rome. FAO. 114pp.
https://www.fao.org/3/i3212e/i3212e.pdf. Accessed on 02 May 2023.
Tanggol Kalikasan. 2024. https://www.tanggolkalikasan.org/index.php/what-we-do/institute-of-environmental-governance. Accessed on 31 January 2024.
Taylor Z. 2016. Good governance at the local level: meaning and measurement. IMFG Papers on Municipal Finance and Governance. University of Toronto. https://hdl.handle.net/1807/81210. Accessed on 01 May 2023.
WWF (World Wide Fund). 2020. This Natural Marine Park helps keep a Remote Philippines Town Alive. https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?254073/This-natural-marine-park-helps-keep-a-remote-Philippine-town-alive. Accessed on 28 September 2023.
White AT, Aliño PM and Meneses AT. 2006. Creating and managing marine protected areas in the Philippines. Fisheries Improved for Sustainable Harvest Project, Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation, Inc. and University of the Philippines Marine Science Institute, Cebu City, Philippines. 83pp. https://oneocean.org/download/db_files/creating_and_managing_mpas.pdf. Accessed on 01 May 2023.
Cameron L. 2016. Grassroots tactics could improve global environmental policies. MSUTODAY. Michigan State University. https://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2016/grassroots-tactics-could-improve-global-environmental-policiEs. Accessed on 27 April 2023.
Dedace S. 2015. This natural marine park helps keep a remote Philippines town alive. https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?254073/This-natural-marine-park-helps-keep-a-remote-Philippine-town-alive. Accessed on 29 April 2023.
DENR (Department of Environment and Natural Resources), BFAR (Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources of the Department of Agriculture), DILG (Department of the Interior and Local Government) and CRMP (Coastal Resource Management Project). 2001. Philippine Coastal Management Guidebook No. 8: Coastal Law Enforcement. Coastal Resource Management Project of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Cebu City, Philippines. 164pp. https://faspselib.denr.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Publication%20Files/crmguidebook8.pdf. Accessed on 01 May 2023.
Day J, Dudley N, Hockings M, Holmes G, Stolton S, Well S and Wenzel L. (eds). 2019 Guideline for applying the IUCN Protected Area Management Categories to Marine Protected Area. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 34pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.25607/OBP-694.
Ferrer EM and Nozawa CMC. 1997. Community-Based Coastal Resources Management in the Philippines: Key Concepts, Methods, and Lessons Learned. University of the Philippines Diliman. http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca/dspace/bitstream/123456789/33448/1/Key-concepts.pdf. Accessed on 01 May 2023.
Gallacher J, Simmonds N, Fellowes H, Brown N, Gill N, Clark W, Biggs C and Rodwell LD. 2016. Evaluating the success of a marine protected area: A systematic review approach, Journal of Environmental Management, 183(1): 280-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.08.029.
Google map. 2023. https://www.google.com/maps/place/Cagayancillo,+Palawan/@9.5972423,121.1575975,11.7z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x33b335c0462064eb:0xb1681dff98266723!8m2!3d9.634473!4d121.2397438!16zL20vMDZzNWZ6?entry=ttu. Accessed on 01 May 2023.
Gonzales BJ. 2011. Status and mechanism of municipal LGU ICRM Plans. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Republic of the Philippines. Integrated Coastal Resource Management Project. 38pp.
Gonzales BJ, Pagliawan HB, Becira JG and Gonzales MMG. 2014a. Marine resource assessment for sustainable utilization of Snake Island, Palawan, Philippines. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation International Journal of the Bioflux Society, 7(5): 372-385.
Gonzales BJ and Gonzales MMG. 2016. Trends of coral, fish, and fisheries near and far from human developments in coral bay, Southwest Sulu Sea, Palawan, Philippines. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation International Journal of the Bioflux Society, 9(2): 396-407.
Gonzales BJ, Dolorosa RG, Pagliawan HB and Gonzales MMG. 2014b. Marine resource assessment for sustainable management of Apulit Island, West Sulu Sea, Palawan, Philippines. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2(2): 130-136.
Gonzales BJ, Becira J, Galon W and Gonzales MMG. 2014c. Protected versus unprotected area with reference to fishes, corals, macroinvertebrates, and CPUE in Honda Bay, Palawan. The Palawan Scientist, 6: 42-59.
Gonzales BJ, Dalumpines RH, Dagaraga RS, Sariego RS, Manarpaac EP, Lariza CLS and Plasus MMG. 2021. Implementing environmental plans and laws at rural grassroots, Palawan, Philippines: Status, factors, and moving forward. The Palawan Scientist, 13 (1): 59-77.
IUCN (International Union for Coservation of Nature). 2019. World Commission on Protected Areas: Applying IUCN’s Conservation Standards to Marine Protected Areas (MPA). https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/content/documents/applying_mpa_global_standards_final_version_050418.pdf. Accessed on 01 May 2023.
Miranda J. 2021. Typhoon damage in Palawan hits P 7.8 billion. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1532767/typhoon-damage-in-palawan-hitsp-7-8-billion#ixzz8EaMTbUAz. Accessed on 28 September 2023.
Palla HP, Gonzales BJ, Gonzales MMG and Matillano MVD. 2015. Fish catch during Southwest Monsoon season in Taytay Bay, Northwest Sulu Sea, Philippines: with notes on live reef fisheries. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation International Journal of the Bioflux Society, 8(3): 272- 281.
PIN (People in Need). 2017. 2017-2021 Global Strategy for Good Governance. Czech Republic. 10pp. https://resources.peopleinneed.net/documents/27-1805-pin-rdd-strategy-good-governance-v6-fina.pdf. Accessed on 02 May 2023.
Pomeroy RS, Katon BM and Harkes I. 2001. Conditions affecting the success of fisheries co-management: Lessons from Asia. Marine Policy, 25(3): 197-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-597X(01)00010-0.
Pomeroy RS, Parks JE and Watson LM. 2005. How is Your MPA Doing? A Guidebook: Biophysical, socioeconomic and governance indicators for the evaluation of management effectiveness of marine protected areas. IUCN World Commission on Marine Protected Areas, World Wide Fund for Nature, and National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. Gland, Switzerland and Silver Spring, Maryland. ISBN: 2831707358.
Russ G and Alcala A. 1999. Management histories of Sumilon and Apo Marine Reserves, Philippines, and their influence on national marine resource policy. Coral Reefs, 18: 307–319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003380050203
Sanders JS, Gréboval D and Hjort A. (comp.) 2013. Marine protected areas: country case studies on policy, governance and institutional issues. Japan, Mauritania, the Philippines, Samoa. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. No. 556/2, Rome. FAO. 114pp.
https://www.fao.org/3/i3212e/i3212e.pdf. Accessed on 02 May 2023.
Tanggol Kalikasan. 2024. https://www.tanggolkalikasan.org/index.php/what-we-do/institute-of-environmental-governance. Accessed on 31 January 2024.
Taylor Z. 2016. Good governance at the local level: meaning and measurement. IMFG Papers on Municipal Finance and Governance. University of Toronto. https://hdl.handle.net/1807/81210. Accessed on 01 May 2023.
WWF (World Wide Fund). 2020. This Natural Marine Park helps keep a Remote Philippines Town Alive. https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?254073/This-natural-marine-park-helps-keep-a-remote-Philippine-town-alive. Accessed on 28 September 2023.
White AT, Aliño PM and Meneses AT. 2006. Creating and managing marine protected areas in the Philippines. Fisheries Improved for Sustainable Harvest Project, Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation, Inc. and University of the Philippines Marine Science Institute, Cebu City, Philippines. 83pp. https://oneocean.org/download/db_files/creating_and_managing_mpas.pdf. Accessed on 01 May 2023.
Section
Original Article
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.